Digital trading platforms
We encounter prominent examples of this type almost every day. Wildberries, OZON, Yandex Market, and others have become part of our daily lives. The monthly reach of Wildberries and OZON reached 60% of Russians in the spring of 2024.

Average daily internet usage reached 4 hours and 42 minutes. Users spend a fifth (20%) of their time watching videos, and almost the same amount (16%) on messaging apps and social media. In the "marketplaces" category, almost half (46%) of Russians' average daily time is spent using Wildberries and more than a third (35%) on Ozon.
Residents of large cities can't imagine life without the opportunity to purchase various goods at competitive prices on these platforms, as the prices often compare favorably with those available in offline stores, and the selection is virtually limitless. However, things aren't as simple and easy as they seem at first glance.

Often, the reduced prices of goods offered on marketplaces are due to "forced" promotions by the platform itself. This means that entrepreneurs selling their products through the platform learn about their inclusion in the "promotion" only after the fact. As a result, goods are often sold at cost or even below, depriving the seller of profits and forcing them to operate at break-even.
Although digital trading platforms regularly claim to be highly cost-effective, their actual efficiency stems from their strict policies toward entrepreneurs and pickup point owners, who are fined for the slightest contractual violation. These platforms also "optimize taxation" by substituting employment contracts with individuals, forcing them to use the special "self-employment" tax regime.

As a result, platform partners underpay billions of rubles in taxes to the state budget,
and individuals are deprived of the basic rights and guarantees afforded to ordinary workers.